Standard: 11-12.RL.1 – Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text, including determining where the text leaves matters uncertain.
Grade level: Grade 11-12
Subject: English Language Arts
Domain: Reading: Literature
Teacher Overview
This standard emphasizes the importance of using strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis and inferences in literature. It is crucial for students to not only understand the explicit content of a text but also to read between the lines and recognize areas of uncertainty. Mastering this skill enhances critical thinking and prepares students for advanced literary studies and real-world applications. Students should be familiar with identifying explicit information in a text and making basic inferences. They should also understand basic literary elements such as theme, character, and plot.
Once students master this standard, they will be able to engage in more sophisticated literary analysis, evaluate an author’s choices, and compare multiple texts. They will also be able to write complex analytical essays and conduct research using primary and secondary sources.
Common Misconception 1
A common misconception is that citing textual evidence only involves quoting directly from the text. This is incorrect because strong textual evidence can also include paraphrased information that supports the analysis.
Intervention 1
To address this misconception, provide lessons on how to integrate both direct quotes and paraphrased information into their analysis. Use examples and practice exercises to reinforce this skill.
Common Misconception 2
Another misconception is that inferences are merely guesses. In reality, inferences are reasoned conclusions based on evidence from the text.
Intervention 2
Guide students through exercises that require them to make inferences by connecting textual evidence to their prior knowledge and logical reasoning. Use scaffolded questions to help them develop this skill.
Prerequisite Knowledge
Students should have a foundational understanding of basic literary elements such as theme, character, and plot. They should also be comfortable identifying explicit information in a text and making basic inferences.
Subsequent Knowledge
After mastering this standard, students will be able to engage in more sophisticated literary analysis, including evaluating the effectiveness of an author’s choices and comparing multiple texts. They will also be prepared to write more complex analytical essays and conduct research using primary and secondary sources.
Instructional Activities
- Close reading exercises with annotation
- Group discussions on textual evidence
- Writing analytical essays
- Debates using textual evidence
- Creating multimedia presentations that include evidence-based analysis
