Standard: 11-12.WHST.1a – Introduce precise, knowledgeable claim(s), establish the significance of the claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and create an organization that logically sequences the claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.
Grade level: Grade 11-12
Subject: English Language Arts
Domain: Writing: History, Science & Technical Subjects
Teacher Overview
This standard emphasizes the importance of crafting precise and knowledgeable claims in writing, particularly in history, science, and technical subjects. It requires students to not only present their own claims but also to distinguish them from opposing viewpoints and organize their arguments logically. Mastering this standard is crucial for developing critical thinking and effective communication skills. Students should be familiar with basic argumentative writing techniques, including forming a thesis and supporting it with evidence.
Upon mastering this standard, students will be able to construct sophisticated arguments and critically analyze texts, skills that are essential for success in higher education and various professional fields.
Common Misconception 1
A common misconception is that all claims have equal merit regardless of the evidence supporting them. This is incorrect because the strength of an argument heavily relies on the quality and relevance of the evidence presented.
Intervention 1
To address this, provide students with exercises that involve evaluating different pieces of evidence and ranking them based on credibility and relevance.
Common Misconception 2
Another misconception is that acknowledging counterclaims weakens an argument. In reality, effectively addressing counterclaims can strengthen an argument by demonstrating a thorough understanding of the topic.
Intervention 2
Use sample essays that successfully incorporate and refute counterclaims, and have students practice this technique in their own writing.
Prerequisite Knowledge
Students should have a basic understanding of constructing simple argumentative essays, including forming a thesis, supporting it with evidence, and addressing counterarguments.
Subsequent Knowledge
Students will develop advanced skills in critical thinking and writing, enabling them to craft well-structured arguments and evaluate complex texts in various disciplines.
Instructional Activities
- Debate sessions on historical events
- Writing workshops focused on constructing arguments
- Peer review sessions to critique and improve argumentative essays
- Analyzing scientific papers to identify claims and counterclaims
