Standard: 11-12.WHST.1c – Use words, phrases, and clauses as well as varied syntax to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships between claim(s) and reasons, between reasons and evidence, and between claim(s) and counterclaims.
Grade level: Grade 11-12
Subject: English Language Arts
Domain: Writing: History, Science & Technical Subjects
Teacher Overview
This standard emphasizes the importance of using varied syntax and cohesive devices to create clear and logical connections between different parts of a text. Mastery of this skill is crucial for students to effectively communicate complex ideas and arguments in their writing. Before tackling this standard, students should be comfortable with basic essay structure and have experience with writing arguments that include claims, evidence, and counterclaims.
After mastering this standard, students will be able to write more sophisticated and nuanced arguments, using varied syntax and cohesive devices to enhance the clarity and persuasiveness of their writing.
Common Misconception 1
One common misconception is that listing evidence without connecting it to claims is sufficient. This approach can make the writing disjointed and hard to follow.
Intervention 1
To address this misconception, provide students with sentence starters and linking phrases that they can use to explicitly connect evidence to their claims.
Common Misconception 2
Another misconception is that using complex sentences automatically improves writing quality. In reality, overly complex sentences can make writing difficult to understand.
Intervention 2
Encourage students to focus on clarity and coherence. Provide examples of well-written sentences that use varied syntax to enhance understanding.
Prerequisite Knowledge
Students should have a basic understanding of essay structure, including how to formulate a thesis statement, develop supporting paragraphs, and use transitions. They should also be familiar with the concepts of claims, evidence, and counterclaims.
Subsequent Knowledge
After mastering this standard, students will be able to write more sophisticated and nuanced arguments. They will be able to effectively use varied syntax and cohesive devices to enhance the clarity and persuasiveness of their writing.
Instructional Activities
- Have students rewrite a paragraph to improve cohesion using linking words and phrases.
- Create a peer review activity where students identify and suggest improvements for cohesion in each other’s essays.
- Develop a lesson on varied syntax, including exercises that require students to rewrite sentences using different structures.
- Assign a research paper that requires students to link claims, evidence, and counterclaims clearly.
