Standard: 9-10.WHST.1a – Introduce precise claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and create an organization that establishes clear relationships among the claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.
Grade level: Grade 9-10
Subject: English Language Arts
Domain: Writing: History, Science & Technical Subjects
Teacher Overview
This standard focuses on helping students develop strong argumentative writing skills. By learning to introduce precise claims, distinguish them from counterclaims, and organize their arguments effectively, students will be better prepared to write persuasively across various subjects. This skill is crucial for academic success and for critical thinking in real-world situations. Students should already know how to construct a basic argument and understand the structure of an essay. They should also be able to identify and use evidence to support their claims.
After mastering this standard, students will develop the ability to craft nuanced arguments, integrating multiple sources and perspectives. They will also enhance their skills in writing persuasive and analytical essays across various subjects.
Common Misconception 1
A common misconception is that students think presenting only their own claim without acknowledging counterclaims is sufficient. This is incorrect because addressing counterclaims strengthens the argument by showing awareness of different perspectives and providing a more balanced view.
Intervention 1
To address this misconception, teachers can use examples of well-argued essays that effectively incorporate counterclaims. Students can practice identifying and responding to counterclaims in peer-reviewed exercises.
Common Misconception 2
Another misconception is that students believe simply listing evidence without connecting it to their claims is enough. This is incorrect because without clear connections, the evidence does not effectively support the argument.
Intervention 2
Teachers can guide students in creating graphic organizers that map out the relationships between claims, evidence, and counterclaims. This visual aid helps students see the importance of connecting their evidence to their claims.
Prerequisite Knowledge
Students should have a basic understanding of how to construct a simple argument, including making a claim and supporting it with evidence. They should also be familiar with basic essay structure and paragraph organization.
Subsequent Knowledge
After mastering this standard, students will be able to develop more nuanced arguments, integrating multiple sources and perspectives. They will also enhance their ability to write persuasive and analytical essays in various subjects.
Instructional Activities
- Debate a historical event in class, focusing on constructing and organizing arguments and counterarguments.
- Write a scientific research paper that includes a clear claim, supporting evidence, and counterclaims.
- Create a technical manual with step-by-step instructions, ensuring clear relationships between claims and evidence.
- Draft a policy proposal on a current issue, incorporating claims, counterclaims, and supporting evidence.
- Analyze and critique a scientific study, identifying the claims, counterclaims, and supporting evidence.
