Standard: 11-12.WHST.1b – Develop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly and thoroughly, supplying the most relevant data and evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both claim(s) and counterclaims in a discipline-appropriate form that anticipates the audience’s knowledge level, concerns, values, and possible biases.
Grade level: Grade 11-12
Subject: English Language Arts
Domain: Writing: History, Science & Technical Subjects
Teacher Overview
This standard emphasizes the importance of developing well-rounded arguments by considering both claims and counterclaims. It is crucial for students to learn how to support their arguments with relevant data and evidence, while also recognizing the strengths and limitations of their own and opposing viewpoints. This skill is essential for academic and real-world contexts where critical thinking and effective communication are valued. Students should have a basic understanding of how to construct an argument, including making claims and providing evidence. They should also be familiar with critical thinking principles.
After mastering this standard, students will be able to engage in more sophisticated argumentative writing, including the ability to critique and improve their own and others’ arguments. This prepares them for college-level writing and professional communication.
Common Misconception 1
One common misconception is that presenting only their own claims is sufficient. This is incorrect because a well-rounded argument must consider and address counterclaims to be credible and persuasive.
Intervention 1
An effective intervention is to encourage students to research and present counterclaims. Peer review sessions can help identify and discuss these counterclaims, fostering a more balanced argument.
Common Misconception 2
Another misconception is that all evidence is equally valid. This is incorrect because the credibility and relevance of evidence can vary significantly, affecting the strength of the argument.
Intervention 2
To address this, teach students to evaluate the credibility and relevance of their sources. Use examples of strong and weak evidence to illustrate the differences, helping students to discern the quality of their evidence.
Prerequisite Knowledge
Students should have a foundational understanding of constructing basic arguments, including making claims and providing evidence. They should also be familiar with the basic principles of critical thinking and analysis.
Subsequent Knowledge
After mastering this standard, students will be able to engage in more sophisticated argumentative writing, including the ability to critique and improve their own and others’ arguments. They will also be prepared for college-level writing and professional communication.
Instructional Activities
- Class debates on historical events
- Writing scientific research papers
- Creating technical project proposals
- Analyzing and writing policy essays
