Standard: 9-10.WHST.1b – Develop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly, supplying data and evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both claim(s) and counterclaims in a discipline-appropriate form and in a manner that anticipates the audience’s knowledge level and concerns.
Grade level: Grade 9-10
Subject: English Language Arts
Domain: Writing: History, Science & Technical Subjects
Teacher Overview
This standard focuses on developing students’ abilities to construct well-rounded arguments by presenting both claims and counterclaims with supporting evidence. It is crucial for students to learn how to anticipate their audience’s knowledge and concerns to create more persuasive and credible arguments. Students should have a foundational understanding of argument construction, including making claims and supporting them with evidence. Basic research skills and the ability to identify credible sources are also necessary.
After mastering this standard, students will be able to construct sophisticated arguments that integrate multiple perspectives and address counterarguments effectively. These skills are essential for advanced academic work and real-world problem-solving.
Common Misconception 1
A common misconception is that students believe they only need to present the strengths of their claim. This is incorrect because a well-rounded argument also involves acknowledging and addressing the limitations of both the claim and counterclaims.
Intervention 1
An effective intervention is to use peer review sessions where students critique each other’s arguments, focusing on identifying both strengths and limitations. This helps students understand the importance of a balanced argument.
Common Misconception 2
Another misconception is that students think counterclaims should be weak or easily refutable. This is incorrect because addressing strong, credible counterclaims actually strengthens the overall argument.
Intervention 2
To remediate this, teachers can present examples of strong counterclaims and guide students through the process of addressing them fairly and effectively. This practice helps students see the value in engaging with credible counterarguments.
Prerequisite Knowledge
Students should understand the basics of constructing a simple argument, including stating a claim and providing supporting evidence. They should also have experience with basic research skills and know how to identify credible sources.
Subsequent Knowledge
Students will be able to create more complex and nuanced arguments, integrating multiple perspectives and addressing counterarguments in a sophisticated manner. They will also enhance their critical thinking and analytical skills, which will be applicable in various academic and real-world contexts.
Instructional Activities
- Debate sessions on historical events
- Writing research papers with peer reviews
- Analyzing and critiquing political speeches
- Creating technical reports for science projects
- Developing community project proposals
